Jerusalem: 3/8/11 Tuesday Lecture

20th Century Jerusalem

1840 Yehuda Hai Alchelai says, buy land in Palestine for Jews, orthodox Jews reject Zionism as impious
Theodore Herzi write The Jewish State 1896, that pushed for a Zionist state (not a religious impetus)
1899 first "Zionist" conference in Basel, Switzerland

After WWI, Ottomans are destroyed and Britain takes over as General Allenby conquers Palestine 1917

British PM Lloyd George directs Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to write to Lord Rothschild (Jew) saying that the British will support Zionism in Palestine, as long it doesn't interfere with the existing communities in Palestine

Secret agreement btwn France and UK to divide former Ottoman Empire into French (north, Mediterranean, Syria, Turkey) and British (south, Jordan, Irag, Tigris/Euphrates, Bhagdad to Kuwait) areas.

In reaction to the Arab riots against Jews, Churchill wrote the White Paper in order to clarify the Balfour Declaration, but the Arabs and Jews still were confused and believed the British would support them.

Suggested in response to violence between Arabs and Jews
Jewish State in Galilee, Upper Jordan Valley, and Coastal Plain
Arab State in Central Hills, West Bank, and Negev
Jerusalem as "international city"
Zionists accepted this as the bare minimum, but Arabs rejected it because of the population imbalance

British depart ending the British Mandate
Truce arranged by UN, where Green Line created.
East bank under Jordanian Rule, 1948-1967
West bank under Israeli Rule/"Occupation" 1967
Israeli is more populated and advanced, so they start building in the East which leads to conflict

David Ben-Gurion talks about the importance of Jerusalem
Israel defies the international community and makes West Jerusalem the capital of the new Israeli State (not Tel Aviv)

Occupation by both Israel and Jordan illegal by UN. Both factions still want Jeruslaem
Only know are they willing to talk for tourist $

Basically at this point, Jews and Arabs got land, but the Palestinians are the ones with nothing. Some say they should have taken the Peel commission (How would the Peel commission have helped them if divided the land between Zionists & Arabs/Israelis & Jordaneans?)
Israeli destroys Egyptian/Jodanean forces and annexes Jerusalem although the UN rejects it
Moshe Dayan, Israeli General gives control of Haram to Muslims to say that the only want political power.
Palestinians want to go back to the negotiating table, but by now Israelis have come to far. --> Modern conflict

Oslo Accords 1993: Palestinians recognized Israel's right to exist, and Israel recognized Yasser Arafat's role as the leader of the Palestinians...

Provoked by the israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon walking on the Al-Aqsa Mosque

Bottom line: Hard to find peace between the Israelis and Palestinians because no one wants to be the bigger person. And whenever there's a bombing, the other side walks away.

Very confusing lecture as it went very fast.

Questions

Why did anti-semitism come out in the first place?
What is "VIII Turkish Corps"
What was the motive for the Armenian genocide by Turkey? Are the Armenians Jewish?
Why did "Britain at first not support a Jewish National Home"? This is not what the Balfour Declaration and White Paper said.
Why did the Arabs not accept the terms of the Peel Commission? Why was it not favorable for them?
Who performed operation Kilshon (Pitchfork) to capture "Bevingrad" in central Jerusalem
What is the difference btwn the Green Line division and the Peel Commission? Seems like no one won the War of "Independence" because both Israelis and Jordans got land
Where is Tel Aviv located?
Are Zionists Israelis?
Did both Arabs and Israelis try to inhabit Jerusalem?
Why did a radical Arab assassinate an Arab King Abdullah?
Where did these sudden Palestinians come from? Wasn't there conflict between just the Israelis and the Turks?

Jerusalem